Moreover, mite numbers were negatively correlated with aridity and host weight. Rural individuals showed higher flea parasitism and lower mite parasitism than urban birds. Our results also show that mite and flea numbers were higher when more conspecifics cohabited the same burrow, while lice showed the opposite pattern. Adult owls harbored fewer ectoparasites than nestlings, and adult females harbored more lice than males. A clear pattern of co-infection was detected between mites and fleas and, to less extent, between mites and lice. The overall prevalence for mites, lice and fleas was 1.75%, 8.76% and 3.50%, respectively. Ectoparasites of burrowing owls included two lice, one flea, and one mite. Here, we analyze the ectoparasite community and co-infection patterns of urban and rural burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, to assess the influence of host traits (i.e., sex, age, and weight), and environmental factors (i.e., number of conspecifics per nest, habitat type and aridity) on its composition. However, few studies have compared bird–ectoparasite interactions between urban and rural individuals. Urbanization creates new ecological conditions that can affect biodiversity at all levels, including the diversity and prevalence of parasites of species that may occupy these environments. Since both parasites have zoonotic potential, our findings may be useful for land use planning and management considering health issues. transmission among rodents, but has no clear effect on Cryptosporidium spp., providing evidence that the impact of land use on parasitism can be idiosyncratic. Our findings reveal that Monterey pine plantations increase Giardia spp. was associated with lower host richness, suggesting a possible dilution effect. In addition, higher prevalence of Giardia spp. For Giardia spp., the prevalence was significantly higher in young pine plantations, followed by adult pine plantations and native forests. For Cryptosporidium spp., variation in prevalence was mostly explained by season with higher prevalence during winter season and lower during spring. olivacea, and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and for all habitat types. was similar for the most abundant rodent species (Abrothrix longipilis, A. Occurrence probability of Cryptosporidium spp. A total of 1091 fecal samples from seven small mammal species were analyzed by coprological analysis. Small mammals were sampled seasonally for two years in three habitat types: native forests, adult pine plantations and young pine plantations. We aimed to assess drivers of parasite infection such as habitat type, abundance of rodent hosts, species richness, and season. cysts in fecal samples of wild rodents from a landscape dominated by extensive Monterey pine plantations in central Chile. Using occupancy models, we analyzed the occurrence and prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. One of the most common timber plantations in the world are monocultures of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata). The conversion of native forest to forestry plantations is a worldwide practice, affecting biodiversity and host-parasite interactions.
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